Code-Mixing and Code-Switching of Indonesian–Arabic in Learning Interactions: A Sociolinguistic Study of Arabic Lan-guage Education Students at Universitas Islam As'adiyah Sengkang

Abstract

This research examines code-mixing and code-switching phenomena between Indonesian and Arabic languages in learning interactions among Arabic Language Education students at Universitas Islam As'adiyah Sengkang. The study was conducted over three months from September to November 2025, employing qualitative methods with sociolinguistic perspectives. Data were collected through classroom observations, audio recordings of learning interactions, and semi-structured interviews with 45 students and 5 lecturers. The analysis focused on identifying types, patterns, functions, and factors influencing code-mixing and code-switching in Arabic language learning contexts. Findings reveal that students frequently employ both intersentential and intrasentential code-switching, with code-mixing predominantly occurring at the lexical level. The primary functions include clarifying difficult concepts, expressing solidarity, facilitating comprehension, and compensating for linguistic deficiencies. Factors influencing these phenomena include linguistic competence levels, interlocutor relationships, topic complexity, and religious-cultural contexts. The research demonstrates that code-mixing and code-switching serve as communicative strategies that support language learning processes while simultaneously reflecting the bilingual identity of students in Islamic educational settings. These findings contribute to understanding multilingual communication in Indonesian higher education contexts.